Anti-inflammatory effects of Gracilaria vermiculophylla Papenfuss extracts on Porphyromonas gingivalis stimulated RAW 264.7 cells

Seaweed Gracilaria vermiculophylla Papenfuss, commonly called ‘Worm wart weed’, is a red alga widely distributed in the coastal areas of several countries. Though G. has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, such effects on periodontal diseases remain unclear. In this study, we investigated production inflammatory cytokines Porphyromonas gingivalis induced RAW 264.7 cells. found that cells had no cytotoxic effect cell viability compared with untreated controls. P. stimulated 264.7, treatment reduced nitric oxide (NO) levels concentration-dependent manner by downregulating inducible synthase (iNOS) proteins. Reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q) PCR inhibited interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA. Western blot analysis both inhibitor kappa B alpha (IκBα) kinase (IKK) phosphorylation IκBα degradation gingivalis-stimulated was dose-dependent manner. addition, nuclear translocation (NF)-κB p65, suggesting associated inhibition NF-κB signaling pathways. These data suggest extract may periodontitis can be used as therapeutic agent prevent disease.